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Thursday, November 26, 2015

Crepuscular Rays on Thanksgiving Day

I have a lot to be thankful for this year, and I hope you do, too. I'm thankful that I got off reserve at the beginning of this year and have moved close enough to the top of the seniority list that I can get Thanksgiving Day off this year.

I'm thankful that I get to fly an aircraft that has all the safety and redundancy of a transport-category airliner but still requires enough technical prowess that my skills stay challenged, and I get paid to do it. It's not as shiny as some planes, and it gets no love from passengers, but it is probably one of the all-around best airliners for its job still flying.

I'm thankful that I get to connect loved ones, get people to job interviews, and bring soldiers home. But sometimes, I'm just thankful for the quiet moments aloft; for the minutes watching a particularly glorious sunset. Sunsets from the air last longer, aren't blocked by anything, and depending on the altitude and the conditions, sometimes you can see the blaze of red and orange fade to a pale blue and then to almost black on the opposite side of the sky. On evenings like these, you can see day and night at the same time.


On days when you're really lucky, something else happens around sunset: crepuscular rays. Their same comes from the Latin for "twilight", since that's when they make their appearance. When you combine sunset with the peak of fall, the results can be spectacular:


The next one combines some rays with a perfectly-placed shadow on the ground that makes it look like the plane is casting an enormous shadow:


The next 3 I'll let you enjoy on your own.




Since another term for crepuscular rays is "Jacob's Ladder", here's a picture of what I think looks like a line of angels singing a song of the heavens:


Or it could just be the rare "jellyfish stratiform". Whatever makes you feel most thankful on this Thanksgiving day. One of the things I'm most thankful for is all of you who read Keyboard & Rudder!

If you enjoyed these, you'll also like Weather Pictures Speak a Thousand Words,  Part 1 and Part 2. Thanks for reading, and see you next Wednesday!


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The author is an airline pilot, flight instructor, and adjunct college professor teaching aviation ground schools. He holds an ATP certificate with a DHC-8 type rating, as well as CFI, CFII, MEI, AGI, and IGI certificates, and is a Master-level participant in the FAA's WINGS program and a former FAASafety Team representative. He is on Facebook as Larry the Flying Guy, has a Larry the Flying Guy YouTube channel, and is on Twitter as @Lairspeed.

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Wednesday, November 18, 2015

Tmeless yet contemporary

Here's a quick and easy way to have a bit of fun. Try to identify which of the following seven statements were said by Orville Wright and which were by Wilbur Wright:

1. Common sense is the most important trait for a pilot. Don't let the distractions affect your concentration. I think that goes for any sort of flying, any operating of machinery. You can't break the laws of physics, you've got to respect the laws of nature and aerodynamics.

2. You need to be very self critical and open to criticism from others: be it a ground observer, your instructor or your analyst. You always need to focus on how you could improve and develop good self-discipline.

3. Concentrate on what's necessary at the time. 99 per cent of what's going on doesn't need to be dealt with immediately, one per cent does. The ability to prioritise is vital.... Make sure you fly the airplane first and foremost.

4. I feel nervous all the time [before a flight] but I think that's quite good. If I didn't feel nervous I wouldn't be concentrating properly.

5. I feel nerves but I'm pretty able to control them. One of the things I have to work on is being too relaxed - that can cause mistakes. If you're too relaxed you might focus on something two or three seconds ahead, rather than in the moment.

6. I'm not an adrenaline junky, if I feel my heart rate rising then I've done something wrong. To me that's bad news. I want to fly... in a really disciplined fashion, I want everything to go as I planned.

7. What is chiefly needed is skill rather than machinery.... It is possible to fly without motors, but not without knowledge and skill.

Answers: #7 was Wilbur Wright. The other six were by neither of them, and were said in 2015 by two world-class pilots. Nonetheless, the advice they contain actually sounds so similar to what the Wrights (mostly Wilbur) wrote elsewhere that they are almost paraphrases of what the earliest aviators themselves said. The advice is as true now as it was over a century ago.

Normally, GQ Magazine isn't the place you'd go to for aviation news. However, the British edition of GQ recently had an excellent and interesting interview with two of the best competition pilots in the world: three-time Red Bull Air Race champion Paul Bonhomme and 2014's champion, Nigel Lamb.

The first six quotations above were from that interview. Paul Bonhomme is responsible for #1, 3, 4, 6. Nigel Lamb said #2 and 5. To see how timeless they are, go back and read them again, this time knowing their source and time, and you'll see that they are just as meaningful as when you read them while thinking of the Wright Brothers.

They also contain outstanding advice you can incorporate into your everyday flying or your flight lessons. Many of these I have already devoted one or more blog posts to, and most of them echo points I've made in the working draft of my upcoming book.

I use this advice every day in my day job as an airline pilot. Having several thousand hours and an ATP doesn't mean this doesn't apply to me anymore: "You need to be very self critical and open to criticism from others.... You always need to focus on how you could improve and develop good self-discipline."

After every flight, I still take some time to mentally debrief what I did well and what I could have done better. Even though the flight was successful and a planeload of passengers got to their destination uneventfully, there's always something I could have done better. The walk from the plane back to the crew room takes several minutes. During this time, I silently run down the list of the good and the not-perfect, trying to make the first column larger and the second column smaller.

It is telling that both of them mentioned nerves before a flight. Bonhomme said, "I feel nervous all the time [before a flight] but I think that's quite good. If I didn't feel nervous I wouldn't be concentrating properly," and Lamb said, "I feel nerves but I'm pretty able to control them. One of the things I have to work on is being too relaxed - that can cause mistakes. If you're too relaxed you might focus on something two or three seconds ahead, rather than in the moment."

These are two world champion racing pilots saying they get nervous. While my flying (and yours) doesn't involve pulling high-Gs a dozen feet off the ground, that doesn't mean we should get complacent. I still feel some nerves before every flight, whether it be a flight for pay or one for pleasure. However, these "nerves" are not what people generally think of when people talk about being nervous.

This is not a knee-knocking or teeth-chattering or babbling incoherently type of nervousness. Instead, it is a focusing kind of nerves. You run through your head what it is you're going to do, how you're going to do it, and what possible things might interfere with the first two. Think of the "nervousness" shown by the sprinter as she kneels into the chocks, already running the race in her head, or the fighter in his corner a minute before the bell rings to open the first round, running down the fight strategy in his head while he keeps in mind his opponent's weapons and weaknesses.

When this nervousness isn't there, complacency opens the door to mistakes. Once you stop worrying about the successful outcome of the flight, the flight is less likely to have a successful outcome. Some New Age self-help books say you can make your life better by challenging you to letting go of worry. The laws of physics turn that challenge into a dare.

The last one, "I'm not an adrenaline junky, if I feel my heart rate rising then I've done something wrong," describes me well, and many other pilots, too. It is also similar to what I say about my job. When people find out that I'm an airline pilot, sometimes they say, "Oh, that must be exciting!" My reply is, "Not if I'm doing it right."

Next week, I'll have a post full of clouds to be thankful for on Thanksgiving Day.


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The author is an airline pilot, flight instructor, and adjunct college professor teaching aviation ground schools. He holds an ATP certificate with a DHC-8 type rating, as well as CFI, CFII, MEI, AGI, and IGI certificates, and is a Master-level participant in the FAA's WINGS program and a former FAASafety Team representative. He is on Facebook as Larry the Flying Guy, has a Larry the Flying Guy YouTube channel, and is on Twitter as @Lairspeed.

It takes hours of work to bring each Keyboard & Rudder post to you. If you've found it useful, please consider making an easy one-time or recurring donation via PayPal in any amount you choose.


Wednesday, November 4, 2015

Best rejection ever.

Our Dulles-Newark flight has a bit of a crazy flight plan. Instead of going anywhere near a straight line, it starts out in the right direction, then wanders off to the southeast for a while, which is totally the wrong way. It ambles to the east for a while once it reaches Baltimore, then finally swings northeast, which is where we need to be going.

Our filed flight plan is the red line; the route air traffic control usually has us fly is the black line shortcut. Chart excerpt from vfrmap.com.


This flight plan, in red above, isn't created to waste fuel or give passengers a nice view of the Baltimore Browns's football stadium. The out-of-the-way nature comes because of the need to connect with the bottom right portion of the "Big Dipper"-like route there. That corner is SWANN intersection, which is the transition we use to begin the RUUTH1 arrival into Newark.

Most of the time, this isn't what we end up flying anyway; it's only in the computer for planning purposes. Usually by the time we hit the first corner (which is WOOLY intersection), we are cleared direct to ODESA. This creates a nice little shortcut, which I've outlined in black above.

Notice the box in the middle that says, "CAUTION: UNMARKED BALLOONS ON CABLE TO 10,000' MSL". Chart excerpt from vfrmap.com.

However, that shortcut happens to pass through a restricted area, R-4001A-C. This is near Aberdeen Proving Ground (yes, that is spelled correctly), and is airspace set aside for a pair of tethered balloons (techincally, aerostats) that are part of the Army's JLENS program. Those are the "unmarked balloons on cable" mentioned in the box above.

Normally that is no big deal. Air traffic control clears us through it, since we're above 10,000 feet anyway. I often get a chance to snap some pictures of the aerostats as we pass right on through the restricted area. Here is a picture of them that I took on October 17, 2015:

There are two of them in this picture: one just above the wiper toward the center left, and the other close to the horizon at the upper right.
This is a cropped, zoomed-in version of the center of the picture above so you can see both of them.
Unfortunately, on October 28th, one of them broke loose. It traveled 160 miles over Maryland and Pennsylvania, and its broken tether—over a mile of it—scraped along the ground behind it, knocking out power lines along the way. It also led to the slowest air chase in history, as a pair of F-16s followed it on its rampage.

Two days later, we were flying our normal Dulles-Newark flight. Once we reached WOOLY, we didn't get our normal shortcut. After a bit, I asked for it. The controller's response was, "Sorry, I can't give that to you today because of that balloon that ran away from home the other day."

We chuckled and a Southwest pilot keyed the microphone, summing it up perfectly by saying, "Best rejection ever."


Like Larry the Flying Guy on Facebook:





The author is an airline pilot, flight instructor, and adjunct college professor teaching aviation ground schools. He holds an ATP certificate with a DHC-8 type rating, as well as CFI, CFII, MEI, AGI, and IGI certificates, and is a Master-level participant in the FAA's WINGS program and a former FAASafety Team representative. He is on Facebook as Larry the Flying Guy, has a Larry the Flying Guy YouTube channel, and is on Twitter as @Lairspeed.

It takes hours of work to bring each Keyboard & Rudder post to you. If you've found it useful, please consider making an easy one-time or recurring donation via PayPal in any amount you choose.